This is a companion piece to Poor arguments to make with atheists. I deliberately used theists instead of Christians to keep things simple, though I did use some Christian examples below. I accumulated these from various atheist web sites or comments made here.
I enjoy questions with people who are willing to have a charitable dialogue. I don’t waste time with people who come by with poorly reasoned sound bites they picked up from their Dawkins/Hitchens/Harris trinity.
Also see a list of 300 disproofs of God’s existence (a parody on the common lines of reasoning often used by atheists).
1. There are lots of denominations within Christianity and lots of religions with differing truth claims. There must be a solid majority with complete agreement for God to be real, so this is evidence that there is no God.
And where did they arrive at this piece of spiritual truth? But if the truth is determined by a majority vote, then there must be a God. There are far more religious people than atheists. But the truth is the truth no matter how few agree, and a lie is a lie no matter how many agree. And if the majority rules with respect to truth claims then atheism is false, because most people believe there is a God.
2. Why is it that religious people resort to imaginary answers (faith) built on the circular reasoning that the bible provides those answers? Does god exist? Yes, because the bible says so. D’uh!.
That is an actual quote. I got this a lot from the Dawkins’ blog “raiding party.” I call this the fallacy-within-a-fallacy argument. They make a straw man argument about us making a circular argument.
I never made that claim about the Bible other than noting that the Bible does claim 3,000 times to speak for God and that it is a sort of necessary condition to be considered the word of God. We have lots of reasons to believe it is the word of God, but we don’t need circular reasoning for it.
He also uses a non-Biblical definition of faith. We have faith in something, and it isn’t a “blind faith” or a faith in spite of the evidence.
3. Arguing from incredulity: You just have a made-up invisible friend in the sky, etc., etc. Do you probably believe in santa Claus and the Easter Bunny?
A. The universe was created from nothing without a cause and organized itself into the spectacular level of complexity we see today, including life being created from non-life.
B. The universe was created by an eternally existent God.
We have lots of evidence for the existence of God: Cosmological (”first cause”), teleological (design), morality, logic, the physical resurrection of Jesus, etc. If atheists don’t find that compelling, then so be it. I’m on the Great Commission, not the paid commission. But to insist that we have no evidence is uncharitable in the extreme and makes reasoned dialogue virtually impossible.
4. Arguments from ridicule (also see #3). You can sprinkle in some ridicule to make an argument more entertaining, but using it as your primary argument is weak and fallacious. Having visited quite a few atheist websites this seems to be their main line of reasoning.
5. As a Christian, you deny all gods but one. As an atheist, I deny all gods. We’re practically the same.
This is a cute but horribly illogical argument. Saying there is no God isn’t a little different than saying there is one God, it is the opposite. That’s like saying, “You deny all other women as your wives except one, so you’re practically the same as a single person.”
6. You don’t have empirical evidence for ____ (God, the resurrection, etc.).
To quote Bubba: “Can one prove that only empirical evidence is trustworthy? Better yet, can one prove this by using only empirical evidence?”
The answers, of course, are no and no.
The argument is a “heads we win, tails you lose” trick. They say that you can only consider natural causes for the creation of the universe, and since they have nothing to test then there could not have been any supernatural cause, right?
7. Parents shouldn’t be allowed to indoctrinate / brainwash their children with religious beliefs.
The brainwashing must not be working, because so many people leave the church. And why isn’t it brainwashing when the schools do it with evolution and their sickening strategies to take away the innocence of young children?
I find it interesting that with such low church attendance, general Biblical illiteracy and the monopoly that materialism has in public education that most people still don’t buy the macro-evolution lie. No wonder evolutionists are so frustrated!
Some parents may go overboard with the fear of Hell thing. But parents have rights, and more importantly, strong warnings are only inappropriate if the consequence in question is not true.
8. The Bible teaches _____ [fill in hopelessly (and deliberately?) wrong interpretation].
Please learn more about the Bible and the faith you are trying to criticize. Straw-man arguments are unproductive. This is perhaps the most common error I come across.
9. Christians disagree on what the Bible teaches (or Muslims disagree on the Koran, etc.) so there can’t be one right answer.
Just because a book is capable of being misunderstood doesn’t mean it is incapable of being understood. Disagreements in science don’t mean everyone must be wrong.
If you have actually studied the Bible you’ll note that it addresses many false teachings and warns that there will always be false teachers. So the concept that people disagree on what the Bible says isn’t exactly newsworthy. It is Biblical, in fact.
10. Why do religious people keep quoting bits out of a book written long ago by stone aged (or bronze aged) and ignorant men?
The men who wrote the Bible were quite intelligent. The Apostle Paul, for example, was well educated, articulate and a clear thinker.
The age of the book is completely irrelevant, of course. If God wrote it the message would be timeless. And of course, if it were written last week they’d complain that it was too late.
The complaint that our responses are old is also invalid. The objections are old as well. The funny thing is that over the last 2,000 years brilliant theists have wrestled with the same questions the New Atheists have, except with more clarity and thoughtfulness.
11. Why do religious people not understand the scientific and philosophical arguments against the existence of god which clearly refute its existence?
This commenter didn’t share any of those arguments or refer to any sources, so it is difficult to answer even if the objection didn’t have a flawed premise (it is basically a “have you stopped beating your wife” type of question that anyone on any side of an issues could use).
12. I can’t understand or conceive of why God would set things up this way, so He must not exist.
We call this “creating God in your own image.” See the 2nd Commandment.
If you create your own universe with working DNA and such, you can make your own rules. But whether you like it or not you play by God’s rules in this universe and you’ll have to give an account for your life. Ignorance is not an excuse.
13. Some people who call themselves Christians do and/or say stupid things, so Christianity is false.
That doesn’t disprove Christianity any more than atheists doing and saying stupid things proves that there is a God.
In fact, Christians saying and doing stupid things probably bothers us more than it does atheists. Believe it or not, we have some common ground there.
14. Religion poisons everything! What about the Crusades, the Inquisition, etc.?!
That is unproductive hyperbole. Religion has done many great things – helping the poor, building hospitals and schools, great art, etc.
You don’t judge an ideology based on the actions of those who violate its tenets. Click the link above for more.
The Salem Witch trials killed 18 people. The Inquisition killed about 2,000. That is 2,018 too many, to be sure, but keep in mind two things: The perpetrators did the opposite of what Jesus commanded and 2,018 murders was a slow afternoon for atheists like Stalin and Mao.
Here’s a quote from a guy trying to rally atheists to their cause by raiding theist blogs like this one – to rescue the world from this religious poison, I suppose. Messiah complex, anyone?
In a very real (but perhaps overly dramatic sense) the fate of the planet is at stake.
Uh, yes, “perhaps.” But if atheism is true then who cares if the planet dies? You must use empirical evidence to prove why it would be a bad thing
.
I have noted that these critics focus almost exclusively on Christianity. When you point this out to them they squirm and say it is the one they are most familiar with. But with the growth of radical Islam and the perversions of the caste system in India you’d think they’d spread their evangelical atheism out a bit.
15. Religion gets in the way of scientific progress.
That is simply untrue. The Galileo story that people usually refer to has many mythical elements. And how many people can cite an example besides Galileo? And who knows, maybe Einstein’s presupposition of a static universe caused his error with the cosmological constant. After all, an expanding universe certainly gives more support to a theist model than a static one.
16. You don’t use reason and we do.
That is just patently false. Atheists just don’t like the reasons. Christianity in particular encourages and applauds the use of reason. Countless great thinkers and scientists were Bible-believing Christians.
Closing thoughts: As Edgar pointed out so well, even if every religion is completely false and atheism is true, then naturalism is to blame. So it is irrational to get mad at religion or religious people. We’re just doing what our genes tell us to.
And, of course, you would have absolutely nothing to be proud about. You haven’t accomplished anything and haven’t generated any brilliant or meaningful ideas. You are just a bag of chemicals that thinks you have. Congratulations! You have no reason for bitterness or grandstanding.
All fun aside, those who can stay away from time-wasting arguments and who want to engage in an actual dialogue are welcome. Otherwise, save your keystrokes.
Filed under: Apologetics, Bible, Christian worldview, Favorites | Tagged: atheists, Bible, christianity, God, ID, Intelligent Design, Jesus, religion, theists



A lot of them just use the argument that “your argument is illogical because I say it’s illogical.” It makes it almost pointless to argue with some atheists, because you spend all this time considering their point and deconstructing it and responding to it and then they don’t even reply to what you have to say. The tactic of trying to win a debate by ignoring the other person’s argument is rather unprofessional and disrespectful.
“7. Parents shouldn’t be allowed to indoctrinate / brainwash their children with religious beliefs.”
To say otherwise would go against the First Amendment. Government can’t enforce or outlaw religious practice.
Oops I meant “to say so” not “to say otherwise”
There are lots of denominations within Christianity and lots of religions with differing truth claims. There must be a solid majority with complete agreement for God to be real, so this is evidence that there is no God.
This is a perfectly good argument: If a god were real, were truly a god (omnipotent, omnibenevolent, etc.) and truly interested in communicating something, one would indeed expect its revelation to be as universal, consistent and undoubtable as our ordinary notions about reality.
To infer from this argument that truth is subject to majority vote is entirely insupportable.
Neil said: You, as the creature, are trying to make rules about what the creator must do, and you are using his universal logic to do so. Romans 1-3 addresses the topic of God revealing himself in his creation and putting the moral law on our hearts. His existing shouldn’t be doubted, but you have the freedom to suppress the truth in unrighteousness. The Bible teaches that God did make it plain to people:
Romans 1:18-20 The wrath of God is being revealed from heaven against all the godlessness and wickedness of men who suppress the truth by their wickedness, since what may be known about God is plain to them, because God has made it plain to them. For since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualities—his eternal power and divine nature—have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that men are without excuse.
Again, read the writings of your brethren. It is their argument that fails to disprove God and also would invalidate their own position.
Christianity claims to be the narrow road, anyway.
This is an intellectually dishonest dodge. You are saying either that a god intentionally limited its revelation, or that all those denying your revelation are actually lying
Neil said: No, that is just a fact. I encourage you to study the Bible you are determined to discredit. Just because most people choose the broad road doesn’t mean God limited his revelation in creation.
Matthew 7:13-14 Enter through the narrow gate. For wide is the gate and broad is the road that leads to destruction, and many enter through it. But small is the gate and narrow the road that leads to life, and only a few find it.
The remainder of your post just goes on in this vein of gross stupidity and unconscionable intellectual dishonesty.
Neil said: Gee, hard to argue with that. Thanks for being the poster person for #4. And, uh, you’re not gonna like this, but I took the logic quiz from the link at your site ( http://www.blogthings.com/howlogicalareyouquiz/ ) and it said: “You Are Incredibly Logical. Move over Spock – you’re the new master of logic. You think rationally, clearly, and quickly. A seasoned problem solver, your mind is like a computer!” Just like you!
“Unconscionable intellectual dishonesty.” Based on what universal moral law do you make that claim? And where did that law come from?
Your blog had some interesting pieces. We actually have some common foes. For example, I don’t like foolish predictions by Pat Robertson any more than you do. In fact, they probably bother me more than you. More on that on Tues.
I’ve been hearing #6 most often lately. I don’t know if some sort of memo went out from High Priest Hitchens. It is circular reasoning at its finest in addition to being patently false. I can’t think of anything that is not evidence of God. Isn’t the fact that anything at all exists evidence for a creator whom we would call God?
The brainwashing must not be working, because so many people leave the church.
This is a wonderful observation. Teaching kids about Christ or God does not mean they will become believers. Kids have the freedom to believe or disbelieve. It is our duty to teach them (Great Commission), and it is up to God to save them.
Edgar.
p.s. Thanks for joining the conversation at our blog. You’ve provided great insights.
Neil said: The Bible teaches that God did make it plain to people.
If there are natural explanations for Gods “invisible qualities”, how exactly are men without excuse?
Sure in Paul’s day people didn’t have the knowledge we have today, so his pronouncement is understandable. Your agreement with him isn’t
Neil said: Huh?
Neil said: Just because most people choose the broad road doesn’t mean God limited his revelation in creation.
I’m sure that Muslim’s choose their own “narrow gate”. How do I pick the correct “gate” again? They all look so similar
Neil said: Maybe they do. That is irrelevant to this guy’s argument, of course.
Neil said: Based on what universal moral law do you make that claim? And where did that law come from?
I didn’t think he was relying on a “universal moral law”. I thought he was talking about you being seemingly dishonest. No moral judgment there.
Neil said: Come on Havok, if you are going to maintain credibility you need to do better than that. If you are claiming that “unconscionable intellectual dishonesty” isn’t a moral judgment then you’re the one being dishonest.
Neil said: Some parents may go overboard with the fear of Hell thing. But parents have rights, and more importantly, strong warnings are only inappropriate if the consequence in question is not true.
That’s the rub isn’t it. Before you can make pronouncements which scare kids, and can emotionally damage some for life – the whole “you’ll burn in hell” thing, you really should have some evidence of the existence of hell. In the absence of such, you really shouldn’t be “hurting” children like that
Neil said: Kids are more resilient than you think. Again, we’re all just bags of chemicals, right, so how can you make a moral claim that it hurts anyone? You claimed that our morals were individualistic, so how about if you just worry about your own kids? Jesus said there was a Hell. I have plenty of evidence for his deity, regardless of your biased choices for admissable evidence, so that’s good enough for me. If you want to live in your fantasy world where you do whatever you want in life and aren’t accountable for it, good luck with that.
Dan said: I can’t think of anything that is not evidence of God. Isn’t the fact that anything at all exists evidence for a creator whom we would call God?
And given the large amount of empirical evidence for naturalistic explanations (evolution, big bang etc etc etc), the mathematical models which explain the origins of the universe (though not testable at present, like your hypothesis of “God did it”) I don’t see any evidence for the existence of god.
remind me again why is your untestable hypothesis a better explanation than theories which have been tested many thousands/millions of times by thousands of different people using a process which has a proven track record of increasing the knowledge of mankind?
Neil said: Uh, the Big Bang is in our column, my friend, as are micro-evolution and etc etc etc
. Big Bangs need Big Bangers. I think that is one reason Einstein didn’t like the idea of an expanding universe and let his worldview impede scientific progress.
I’ve let you make your biased and illogical claims about evidence standards roughly 10 times now. I’m tired of pointing out its flaws. You’ll want to come up with something fresh or start your own blog.
It completely confounds me that unbelievers cannot grasp that we care about them and grieve over eternal damnation for anyone. In pondering this and reading/hearing so much nonsense, pridefulness is so obvious. About children: I found an article regarding a psychologist who wants to allow kindergartners to act out “sex-play” in Norway (it’s on my blog) and it’s one of those things indicative of “iniquity will abound” but where’s the outrage in teaching such to “wee ones”? We hear all about ministers making the most innocent, yet nonPC remark, but things that are much more destructive and depraved are overlooked/lauded.
Great post and thanks for the edification!
Neil said: Huh?
Paul didn’t have the large body of scientific evidence we have to inform him and his opinions. You do not have the same excuse.
Neil said: You don’t have to live in the 21st century to understand the first cause theory or to pass along what the Holy Spirit inspired you to write.
Neil said: Come on Havok, if you are going to maintain credibility you need to do better than that. If you are claiming that “unconscionable intellectual dishonesty” isn’t a moral judgment then you’re the one being dishonest.
Lying/being dishonest is not a moral judgment, it is not telling the truth, whatever that happens to be. Whether lying is “good” or “evil” is a moral judgment.
Neil said: First, that is a false premise. Second, adding “unconscionable” in front of “intellectual dishonesty” ought to have made you see the point even if your premise wasn’t wrong. Credibility going, going, gone!
Neil said: Jesus said there was a Hell.
I’ll give you that one. Jesus introduced the concept of eternal damnation for everyone who doesn’t believe in him. That’s love for you. He sounds like a really nice guy.
Neil said: I have plenty of evidence for his deity, regardless of your biased choices for admissable evidence, so that’s good enough for me.
Neil, you’ve got nothing. The book you claim is the word of your deity is a jumble of mythology with some historical notes thrown in.
That you willfully ignore empirical evidence which goes against what you believe makes it plain that your faith is most certainly blind.
Neil said: Another straw man. Nobody light a match!
Neil said: Uh, the Big Bang is in our column, my friend, as are micro-evolution and etc etc etc
. Big Bangs need Big Bangers. I think that is one reason Einstein didn’t like the idea of an expanding universe and let his worldview impede scientific progress.
The big bang can also be explained by quantum fluctuations, and various other mathematical models (collision of branes etc). All of the current hypothesis regarding the beginning of the universe are untested, including your “first cause”.
The non-supernatural hypothesis have rigorous mathematics behind them. The “First cause” doesn’t. It has a simple logical statement, which doesn’t have any supporting evidence.
Postulating a first cause doesn’t lead to the God of the bible, simply some unknown “first cause” with no other attributes other than creating the universe.
So no, you don’t have the big bang on your side. The fact that the universe, going from the Big Bang to what we presently see bears no resemblance to the process of creation as outlined either creation story in the OT is actually a strike against the God of the bible.
Don’t try to deride scientific knowledge on the one hand, and then claim is supports your beliefs on the other. It’s being a little dishonest
Neil said: Sigh. Havok thinks something (a big something – the universe!) can come from nothing and he thinks I’m the one who isn’t logical.
Neil said: I’ve let you make your biased and illogical claims about evidence standards roughly 10 times now. I’m tired of pointing out its flaws. You’ll want to come up with something fresh or start your own blog.
My claims for evidence aren’t illogical, I’m simply asking for something which can be tested and verified.
The scientific method may not be the best method of investigating reality, but it is certainly the best we have at our disposal.
It has explained more about reality in the past couple of hundred years than “theological” thinking has in the past couple of thousand.
If you can give reasons why other forms of evidence should be accepted in an objective inquiry into reality, then I’d be happy to listen.
Neil said: For the last time, your method works on many things but deliberately excludes things it doesn’t want to consider. And I’ve already explained why other forms of evidence are quite valid. Logic, for instance, which you (try to) use regularly.
Havok said “Before you can make pronouncements which scare kids, … you really should have some evidence of the existence of hell.”
I taught my three children about Jesus and I’m sure we talked about hell a few times. But we didn’t focus on it, we focused on the character of Jesus and the need for salvation. Two of the three are following in Jesus’ way. As for the third, I’m trusting Proverbs 22:6
Neil said: Good point, Randy. I wasn’t saying Hell should be a focal point or a lousy parenting tool to keep kids in line (the way some people use Santa), just that the atheist view of it being “child abuse” is wrong. We didn’t talk about it much.
And of course we could have easily said, “Before you tell kids that the universe came from nothing, that you descended from apes, that there is no universal moral code, that you won’t be accountable for your actions in this life so do what you like, etc.” then you really should have some evidence.
Havok also said “The big bang can also be explained by quantum fluctuations …’
So, the Bible can’t be understood by everyone and therefore isn’t true, but quantum fuluctuations must be true because…..?
Neil said: You don’t have to live in the 21st century to understand the first cause theory or to pass along what the Holy Spirit inspired you to write.
What evidence do you have for the existence of the holy spirit? Paul lived in a time when there was no understanding of how the earth was formed, scientifically. There was no understanding that complexity can arise from simply components. He didn’t have the benefit of modern science. You do. You use the fruits of it every day, yet you continue to ignore it’s results when it conflicts with scripture. Why is that?
Neil said: Straw man alert! I don’t ignore things that conflict with scripture. I carefully consider them and use logic to determine if the science is irrefutable or if it is being impacted by the latest thinking or politics (”Beware of global cooling! Oops – we meant global warming! Oops – we got a lot of the data wrong, but the political train can’t be stopped, so yes – global warming!” Or the salt is good for you / bad for you / good for you / etc. situation. I could go on and on).
So have you studied Paul and are you prepared to list all his alleged scientific errors? Or are you just working off Brian’s list of sound bites?
Neil said: Sigh. Havok thinks something (a big something – the universe!) can come from nothing and he thinks I’m the one who isn’t logical.
Neil thinks an even bigger and more complex something (God) has to have always been, and for some reasons claims to be logical. You do realise the universe started out very small, right Neil?
http://infophilia.blogspot.com/2007/10/something-for-nothing-and-your-universe.html
There you go – something from nothing. Give it a read, you might learn some science.
Neil said: Wow, you have a blog link that disproves the scientific principle of causation? Hard to believe I haven’t come across that before.
Neil said: For the last time, your method works on many things but deliberately excludes things it doesn’t want to consider. And I’ve already explained why other forms of evidence are quite valid. Logic, for instance, which you (try to) use regularly.
Ok, you can logically show there may be a God – ontological argument etc.
The God of the bible is quite interventionist, correct? I mean, he smote the Egyptians, appeared as a column of smoke, burnt bushes, helped the Israelites in Caanan, cured the sick, appeared as a man, rose from the dead etc etc etc.
These claims fall well within the range of empirical evidence and are open to scientific enquiry.
So, why has that enquiry never found anything pointing towards the existence of the supernatural, let along the omni-etc God of the bible?
You can believe whatever you want, but when you make claims about reality I’ll expect you to produce empirical evidence, because it is evidence about reality. If you’re not making claims about reality, then you can play with logic all you want.
The scientific method doesn’t “deliberately excludes things it doesn’t want to consider”. It’s the process we have for objectively studying reality.
Neil said: Sorry, I can’t respond because I couldn’t understand a word of it. You used logic and we know that logic isn’t real. Neither is math, I suppose, since it is also conceptual.
Randy said: So, the Bible can’t be understood by everyone and therefore isn’t true, but quantum fuluctuations must be true because…..?
I didn’t say quantum fluctuations were true. Currently we “don’t know” how the universe started. We have hypothesis which seek to explain it. One of those is the “first cause” argument, used to try to show evidence for God. It is not supported by models, as are the other competing theories, so I’d say it is less likely.
Neil said: Ah, the faith of the materialist. We don’t know how it started, but we “know” it wasn’t God, so we’ll keep looking.
Neil said: And of course we could have easily said, “Before you tell kids that the universe came from nothing, that you descended from apes, that there is no universal moral code, that you won’t be accountable for your actions in this life so do what you like, etc.” then you really should have some evidence.
When teaching science in high school, things are often simplified – newtons laws of motion are generally taught, even though relativity is the more “correct” theory, which is probably why you have a problem with those issues.
We don’t know what caused the universe, so it’s generally glossed over or not discussed.
We are apes, we share a common ancestor with the other apes. The mechanism for evolution may be simplified however.
Neil said: Big lie. The Lucy exhibit was in Houston recently. The advertising had all sorts of fraudulent claims.
I was never told there was or wasn’t a universal moral code (except religiously).
I was also taught that you are VERY accountable for the things you do in this life, I think an afterlife would allow you to put off that accountability until latter.
Neil said: No, there are consequences here as well.
Neil said: Wow, you have a blog link that disproves the
scientific principle of causation? Hard to believe I haven’t come across that before.
Neil said: I don’t follow that. I believe in that principle, and how it leads to the First Cause.
Don’t think it disproves anything of the sort. It gives some possibilities for something seemingly coming from nothing.
Neil said: Ah, the faith of the materialist. We don’t know how it started, but we “know” it wasn’t God, so we’ll keep looking.
More like “We don’t know what it is, so we’ll keep looking” Giving up due to a current inability to explain something is a little premature I’d think – the “God did it” argument.
I don’t know where I stated it couldn’t possibly be a first cause, in fact I explicitly mentioned it. It is one of a number of current possibilities.
You discount the other possibilities, and assume the “first cause” must be the God of the Bible, though there is currently no conclusive evidence for any of the propositions. God of the gaps and all that.
Neil said: I’ve mentioned this several times but perhaps you missed it. I believe in the God of the Bible for lots of reasons, but realize that a two step approach is reasonable – i.e., first show evidence for the existence of God, then compare the truth claims of alleged revelations. See the last part of http://4simpsons.wordpress.com/2007/11/20/poor-arguments-to-make-with-atheists/
Neil said: Big lie. The Lucy exhibit was in Houston recently. The advertising had all sorts of fraudulent claims.
I’m sure it did. Advertising is all about drumming up interest, often by any means. Science is not advertising.
Neil said: Sorry, I can’t respond because I couldn’t understand a word of it. You used logic and we know that logic isn’t real. Neither is math, I suppose, since it is also conceptual.
Ok, I’ll try not to tie myself up in knots.
Your beliefs make claims about reality (miracles, supernatural intervention, global flood, etc).
To believe those claims I’d want to see some evidence.
When investigating reality objectively, the best evidence we have is empirical, and the best process we have is the scientific method. How is that?
Neil: That’s better, in the sense that some types of evidence are more reliable than others in a given situation. Empirical evidence is obviously more suitable than other types in certain situations. But materialists tend to use the Catch-22 reasoning to dismiss the supernatural – i.e, it can’t be tested empirically and we only rely on empiricaly evidence, so therefore it doesn’t exist. Since some claims can’t be tested with natural methods, then we’d consider other types of evidence.
Again, unless you’ve personally replicated every single experiment you rely on, you are obviously putting trust in the witnesses to those experiments. Perhaps you have good reason to trust them, but you can’t claim that you only use empirical evidence.
Neil said: Since some claims can’t be tested with natural methods, then we’d consider other types of evidence.
What do you mean here? How could a miraculous healing, or a global flood not be tested using the scientific process?
Neil said: The resurrection isn’t a repeatable event, for example.
The scientific method doesn’t “dismiss the supernatural” – it is always a possibility, just not very likely given past experience. To assume the supernatural leads to you halting your search for knowledge – “The cause is outside of things we can study, therefore we cannot find out more”.
Neil said: The resurrection isn’t a repeatable event, for example.
Well, you’ll need to establish it was even an event before you can make that pronouncement. I find all the evidence for the resurrection to be somewhat unconvincing. With it being such an incredible event in itself, accompanied by other incredible events (global darkness, earthquakes, zombies ravaging Jerusalem etc).
Apart from the Gospels, there is no mention of any events which surround the supposed resurrection of Jesus.
Neil said: I’m not going in circles with you Havok. Whether you think it really happened or not doesn’t change whether it was repeatable. I’ll show why I think it was an event, then you’ll say you don’t accept that evidence, etc. Really, time to move on, my friend.
Re. darkness: “This phenomenon, evidently, was visible in Rome, Athens, and other Mediterranean cities. According to Tertullian, Apologeticus, xxi, 20, it was a “cosmic” or “world event.” Phlegon, a Greek author from Caria writing a chronology soon after 137 A.D., reported that in the fourth year of the 202nd Olmpiad (i.e., 33 A.D.) there was “the greatest eclipse of the sun,” and that “it became night in the sixth hour of the day [i.e., noon] so that stars even appeared in the heavens. There was a great earthquake in Bithynia, and many things were overturned in Nicaea.”” (from Dr. Paul Maier’s “Pontius Pilate.”)
One thing you guys seem to forget is that we don’t have that many records from the 1st Century, relatively speaking. The Bible is by far the best documented and preserved work of antiquity, and that was through a painstaking process. So just because you don’t have records today doesn’t mean they never existed.
Neil, some of those writings come to us through Eusebius, who admitted to modifying and omitting things to glorify the Lord, so they should be regarded as suspect.
Tertullian was ~150 years later. What was his source for the information (other than the Gospels)?
Neil said: Hi Havok – I’m not sure.
I don’t think anybody forgets the dearth of material from the first century. I haven’t looked into it, but is it (in part at least) due to the early church’s zealous destruction of many books and writings?
Neil said: I don’t know. I do know that the Romans had various waves of persecution where they tried to get rid of the Bible.
Just because we don’t have records today doesn’t mean they supported your view. We can only work with what we have, unfortunately.
Neil said: Agreed. I didn’t say they supported my view. Maybe they didn’t. There were hostile witnesses all around. Paul himself was a hostile witness until he converted.
Neil, it seems the extra biblical writings describing the miraculous occurances at the time of Jesus’s crucifiction are quite suspect, at least as far as the two of us have found/researched.
I doubt this impacts as to whether you think it was an event or not, but I don’t think it helps your case.
Neil said: (1) I only mentioned it as an afterthought when a couple people mentioned this. I became a Christian long before I heard this trivia fact and its veracity wouldn’t sway my faith either way. (2) A relatively empty like that of an atheist who, in my opinion, would not have been persuaded regardless of what substantiation he found for the quote has a whole lot less weight than that of a highly respected historian who has published many books and puts his reputation on the line daily. (Sorry for the run on sentence, it is early!) No, I’m not committing the genetic fallacy. I, like you, consider the testimony of others all day, every day, and continually make assessments on who is the most trustworthy source of something.
Even if you hadn’t found the writings to be “quite suspect” in your view would you have just said there wasn’t empirical evidence?
Neil said: Even if you hadn’t found the writings to be “quite suspect” in your view would you have just said there wasn’t empirical evidence?
If I found that the extra biblical accounts of jesus’s miracles etc weren’t suspect I’d certainly take the gospel accounts more seriously as a result. Would I become a believer? I’m not sure. It would certainly add weight to the bibles claims for being truth.
“you won’t be accountable for your actions in this life”
Unless, of course, you get caught. Then you better have a darn good excuse – better than “the dog ate my homework”.
But it’s ok to lie a little bit and then confess and ask for forgiveness. Or is it?
It’s incredible how many of these are arguments that Christians generally don’t have a good answer for…
I especially like the one about empirical evidence. ‘You might stick to rigerous standards of evidence, but we’re happy with our faith-based, supernatural explanations for everything, thank you very much!’.
Hi LifeLessons – what a straw man argument that is! We use evidence and reason all the time. The Bible applauds and encourages the use of reason – see http://4simpsons.wordpress.com/2007/07/13/exploring-christianity-part-9-open-mindedness/ .
Read the book of Acts – the early church spread as people explained the reasons and evidence for Jesus death and resurrection.
You completely missed the point about the empirical evidence item. We use it as well, but we also consider other evidence – just like you do! Have you replicated every scientific experiment yourself? Of course not. You relied on the testimony and reasoning of others you think you can trust.
Yes, but never as a matter of religious. There is nothing – literally nothing – which I believe so strongly that I’m certain nobody could ever sway me on, whereas I’ve had Christians outright tell me that nothing could ever change their mind about the veracity of the Bible.
What are the standards of evidence you accept? What evidence was sufficient to convince you that, for example, Jesus rose from the dead and is/was God?
Hi LifeLessons – thanks for asking.
Long answer: I wrote a bit on that question here in a dialogue I had with a skeptical friend – http://4simpsons.wordpress.com/2007/02/12/why-do-i-believe-the-bible-is-the-true-word-of-god/
Short answer: The transformed lives of the Apostles and early believers, having received solid answers to hundreds of tough questions about the Bible, the reliability and authenticity of the writings, the Holy Spirit, the archeological and historical evidence for claims made in the Bible, the lack of any remotely plausible explanation for the location of Jesus’ body if He stayed dead, etc. I was a skeptic until my mid/late 20’s so it wasn’t like I always believed (that doesn’t mean I’m right, but it does mean that tidy little “you were brainwashed as a youth” explanations don’t apply).
My standard for evidence is similar to the legal view: Beyond a reasonable doubt. We all place our faith in something. I trust in the fact of the resurrection and all that entails.
I wouldn’t say that “nothing” could convince me otherwise, but I’ve researched this exhaustively and have experienced God as well (not my lead proof point, but real to me nonetheless) so it would take a LOT of evidence to change my mind.
Peace,
Neil
There is nothing – literally nothing – which I believe so strongly that I’m certain nobody could ever sway me on, whereas I’ve had Christians outright tell me that nothing could ever change their mind about the veracity of the Bible.
Not even, say a person’s love? At the end of the day, your confidence in, say, your wife or your mother’s love for you remains provisional and open to revision? Is that sort of holding out not detrimental to our relationships?
The truth is, some — by no means all — Christians are so utterly confident in the Bible because of the quality of the relationship they have with its purported Author. Their relationship with God is far enough along that they know the Bible is His communication to us, just as a man knows that a letter from his mother is no forgery.
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I personally think that the claim of the Resurrection stands up to scrutiny if you don’t exclude the possibility of the miraculous from the outset: the evidence is at least as strong as Hannibal’s crossing the Alps or many other historical events we take for granted. But there is other evidence for the truth of Christianity.
For one thing, I take as a given human rationality, human free will, and the moral law: I believe it’s self evident that I personally am capable of rational thought, that I posses free will, and that I perceive an objective moral law that I am obligated to obey.
None of these things can be conceivably explained by naturalism. Moreover, my ability for rational thought and my awareness of the moral law is best explained by being the work of an entity that is not only beyond the natural universe but is also rational and moral: not just a “thing” but a Mind and a Person.
It’s not just that I’m aware of the moral law, I’m aware that I cannot fulfill the very law that I recognize as valid: I recognize my moral bankruptcy and the need for grace.
Christianity alone is the only belief system that acknowledges that bankruptcy and offers a solution to it.
That’s not utterly conclusive proof that Christianity is true, and that it’s claim to solve the problem of moral bankruptcy isn’t just wishful thinking. Along the same lines, the historicity of the Resurrection is the best explanation for the rise of the early Christian church, but that’s not utterly conclusive for someone who wants evidence as conclusive as a mathematical proof.
But, together, the historical claims that stand up to academic scrutiny and the theological claims that resonate with what I believe most of us already know to be true mean this: a person can take the “leap of faith” to Christianity without abandoning logic and reason. Logic and reason easily coexist with Christian claims, even if they do not strictly compel belief for all reasonable people.
And, at this point, it’s worth noting that Christianity isn’t merely a belief system, it’s a relationship with God. Many find, as I do, that faith grows not only or even primarily in the doctrine, but in the Person who has revealed that doctrine.
Short answer: The transformed lives of the Apostles and early believers, having received solid answers to hundreds of tough questions about the Bible, the reliability and authenticity of the writings, the Holy Spirit, the archeological and historical evidence for claims made in the Bible, the lack of any remotely plausible explanation for the location of Jesus’ body if He stayed dead, etc. I was a skeptic until my mid/late 20’s so it wasn’t like I always believed (that doesn’t mean I’m right, but it does mean that tidy little “you were brainwashed as a youth” explanations don’t apply).
See, you’re running into the exact same problem as nearly anyone else who uses this line of reasoning: you’re assuming that the Bible is true. How do you know that the lives of the Apostles were transformed? How do you know that Jesus’ body went missing? How do you know, in short, that any of the stories about these things in the Bible are true? We’re not just talking about a kind of ‘well, they might have happened. I suppose we can’t know for sure’ kind of faith; you apparently believe all of this strongly enough that it can convince you to follow a particular religion. None of that would even begin to convince me – about anything, not just about Christianity.
Neil said: No, you are reading your bias in. I didn’t assume the Bible was true. You just made that up. Did you even read what I wrote? I gave you a summary, for goodness sake, and noted that I looked into countless tough questions and the authenticity of the writings, among other things. I wasn’t trying to give you the evidence itself. Sheesh. My patience is very short with materialists who deliberately misread things and waste my time. Maybe you just slipped, so consider this your first and last warning. Your buddies used up all my goodwill the last couple months.
If you have examined the evidence and don’t believe it, that is fine with me. I’m really not on commission.
Bubba:
Not even, say a person’s love? At the end of the day, your confidence in, say, your wife or your mother’s love for you remains provisional and open to revision? Is that sort of holding out not detrimental to our relationships?
Of course not. I don’t expect those who love me to do so blindly, to the point that they’ll completely ignore it if I should stop loving them. Love is not always permanant, as much as we’d like to it to be. I don’t see anything wrong with acknowledging that.
For one thing, I take as a given human rationality, human free will, and the moral law: I believe it’s self evident that I personally am capable of rational thought, that I posses free will, and that I perceive an objective moral law that I am obligated to obey.
None of these things can be conceivably explained by naturalism. Moreover, my ability for rational thought and my awareness of the moral law is best explained by being the work of an entity that is not only beyond the natural universe but is also rational and moral: not just a “thing” but a Mind and a Person.
All of those can be perfectly explained by naturalism.
Human rationality: We’re much, much more intelligent than any other animal on Earth. We have the brains to be reason and to think on a level higher than that of other animals, including a faculty that we call ‘reason’ or ‘rationality’. I don’t see why the supernatural need be invoked to explain this.
Morality: We were all told as children that behaving in certain ways is ‘good’ while behaving in others is ‘bad’. While that might explain some of the less weight moral issues (don’t tell ‘white lies’, etc.) it doesn’t explain why most people have a strong aversion to killing or stealing. Again, I don’t see why a supernatural explanation is necessary here; most animals will not indescriminately kill their own kind. They might if there’s a struggle for resources or for territory (something that most humans never have to deal with), but not for no reason. We’re a very intelligent species, and we can empathize with other people (something that many other animals probably can’t do, although I’d say the other hominids probably can). Is it that surprising that we should be ‘more moral’ than them?
Guilt isn’t anything special either. If you do something that you believe is wrong, of course you’re going to feel bad about it.
Neil said: Where do you come up with that? In a materialist worldview there is no such thing as a universal right or wrong, so how could you “evolve” to arrive at thinking something is wrong? And how can you possibly claim that “Of course you’re going to feel bad about it?” Your answer should be that of course you wouldn’t feel bad, because there is nothing to feel bad about. As you state below, in your view there are no absolute morals.
I would also avoid talking about a ‘moral law’, as if morality is something absolute and fixed. Don’t forget that, for many years, people in England the Unites States thought that slavery and horrendous misogyny were perfectly moral; both ideas that most people here would be outraged at today. And indeed, there are still places where both of these things are seen as perfectly acceptable, and where our more ‘liberal’ views might be regarded as immoral.
As for free will, are you willing to assume that it actually exists? I’m certainly not; I don’t see how we could know whether we actually do have free will, beyond wishful thinking. We could or we couldn’t; I don’t see how we have any way of knowing for sure.
That’s not utterly conclusive proof that Christianity is true, and that it’s claim to solve the problem of moral bankruptcy isn’t just wishful thinking. Along the same lines, the historicity of the Resurrection is the best explanation for the rise of the early Christian church, but that’s not utterly conclusive for someone who wants evidence as conclusive as a mathematical proof.
I don’t see any reason to believe that Jesus actually rose from the dead. In modern times we’ve seen cult leaders convince their followers to kill themselves or that they really have supernatural powers. This goes on all the time, and large groups can form around these people. And this is, keep in mind, all happening during the ‘enlightened’ present. It’s not much of a stretch to imagine that something similar could have happened on a large scale in the past.
As well as that, if we assume that an actual, miraculous event had to have happened in order to establish Christianity, what should make of Hinduism or the ancient Roman and Greek religions? Were they just a lucky fluke?
Christianity’s historical claims are very shaky. We don’t know for sure who wrote what parts of the Bible. We have nothing written by Jesus himself. The Gospels were written well after he died, in some cases (and only by some estimates) more than one hundred years later. This is hardly watertight historical evidence.
Neil said: If you think any of the books of the Bible (and especially the Gospels) were written after 130 AD then you really need to find some new sources.
If you are truly interested in the historical evidence for Jesus, check out http://www.amazon.com/Historical-Jesus-Ancient-Evidence-Christ/dp/0899007325/ref=pd_bbs_sr_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1204749761&sr=8-3
If these had been written by the ancient Romans, and had some verifiably accurate historical elements mixed with Roman mythology (as opposed to Christian theology) you can be pretty sure that scholars and historians would ignore the supernatural and miraculous elements entirely and treat the ‘normal’ elements as generally reliable, but somewhat suspect. I can’t see any reason not to accept, for example, the appearance of Castor and Pollux (the Gemini twins) at the battle of Lake Regillus if I’m willing to accept that Jesus actually rose from the dead – apart from the fact that the ancient Roman religions are now relegated to mythology, while Christianity is not.
And, at this point, it’s worth noting that Christianity isn’t merely a belief system, it’s a relationship with God. Many find, as I do, that faith grows not only or even primarily in the doctrine, but in the Person who has revealed that doctrine.
I’m not trying to be insulting, but people believe all sorts of things. Shockingly bizarre things, in some cases, and even when they’re perfectly ’sane’. Compared to some of the beliefs floating around out there, thinking that you have a ‘personal relationship’ with God is pretty tame, but that doesn’t make it true.
Neil said: I can’t speak for Bubba, but I didn’t think he was offering that as a proof point for you. And by the way, you are right: People believe all sorts of things and it doesn’t make them true. Some well educated people believe that the universe came from nothing – without a first cause! They believe life came from non-life and organized itself with incredible amounts of information. Go figure. Pretty crazy stuff.
lifelessons, I didn’t ask whether you expect that a person should love you regardless of what you do, but whether you know unshakeably that a person does love and will continue loving you whether it’s deserved or not. I believe that, in some cases, such love can be unshakeably known; in which case it would be a moral deficiency for the one who is loved not to trust that love.
Perhaps the experience of knowing that kind of love is not as common as it should be.
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The short version for why I say that rationality cannot be explained by naturalism is this: If materialism is true, then all our thoughts are nothing more than the result of complex chemical reactions. If we are rational, our perception of logical maxims — for instance, our perception of the law of non-contradiction — must be dependent at least partially on the truth value of those maxims. Materialism excludes any such dependence, so materialism cannot explain rational thought.
About morality and free will, well, you punt the issue, apparently arguing that neither is real and objective. If you want to take that position, you’re free to do so, but it precludes you from then arguing that naturalism can account for either.
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Before moving on, the inherent contradiction should be highlighted:
As for free will, are you willing to assume that it actually exists? I’m certainly not; I don’t see how we could know whether we actually do have free will, beyond wishful thinking. We could or we couldn’t; I don’t see how we have any way of knowing for sure.
So, you are not “willing” to assume that free will exists.
You do not will the assumption that you can will.
Let’s ignore the further, implicit contradiction that an object that refers to himself as “I” isn’t sure that he’s free:
The only reason any of us should pay any attention to your position not to assume the existence of free will is if that position was freely chosen — that is to say, if that position was the result of free will.
If free will doesn’t exist, your position not to assume the existence of free will was solely the result of forces outside of your control: the position is flotsam in a sea of chemical reactions and should be ignored accordingly.
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About cult leaders’ abilities to persaude the gullible masses, I’m unaware of any cult leader who was executed by the government, and whose execution wasn’t disputed by the government, who was able to convince his closest followers that he rose from the dead. That’s a heck of an act for a corpse.
Obviously, I’m not saying that a religion’s mere existence is proof of its validity, but, in the culture of the time, the early Christian church made a great number of claims that would have made it extremely difficult for it to thrive unless those claims were true. An excellent, thorough online review of some of those claims can be found here.
I didn’t say that the evidence of the Resurrection was watertight, but I would ask you to look at the standards by which other historical documents are judged to be trustworthy. In terms of the number of manuscripts we have, their closeness to the original writing, the comparatively short timeframe between the written records and the events they document, the New Testament stands head and shoulders above all other ancient writings that we have.
The evidence that Castor and Pollux were at a particular battle is simply not as strong as the evidence of the Resurrection: the latter isn’t airtight, but not all historical claims of the miraculous are equally incredible unless you presume that miracles never occur. But if you want to argue that we can sift out the mundane events of history, what do you make of the New Testament claims? That Jesus actually existed and was executed by the Roman government, but Jesus’ closest followers fabricated the Resurrection? Most of them were persecuted and killed for that lie, and people generally don’t knowingly die for a lie; and if they were going to fabricate the Resurrection, it’s an odd thing that they claimed the first witnesses were women, in a time when women couldn’t even give testimony in court. And it’s also odd that they painted themselves in such a poor light, from Peter’s denial to Thomas’ skepticism. An attempt to sift out the “real” events from the Gospels must wrestle with all the inconveniences and the phenomenal growth of the early church besides.
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Indeed, people believe all sorts of things, and their belief doesn’t make it true. But I’m not sure of your point. The observation doesn’t discredit Christianity or make an alternative worldview more credible.
Is Christianity true? “People believe all sorts of things” is a true statement, but it doesn’t bring a person one step closer to an answer.
Neil said: I can’t speak for Bubba, but I didn’t think he was offering that as a proof point for you. And by the way, you are right: People believe all sorts of things and it doesn’t make them true. Some well educated people believe that the universe came from nothing – without a first cause! They believe life came from non-life and organized itself with incredible amounts of information. Go figure. Pretty crazy stuff.
Well-educated people believe neither – the Big Bang theory states that the matter-energy of the Universe always existed. Evolution is not life ‘organizing itself’, but being ‘organized’ by external circumstances.
Neil said: I’ll clarify: The materialist worldview claims that only material things exist (e.g., no supernatural). So the material elements of the universe (the “external circumstances”) came from an eternally existing matter-energy and allegedly organized DNA and its associated processes, among about a million other things. Then the most advanced of these living things evolved to such a state that they invented the fiction that God created them.
I’m sorry that your patience is short, but I refuse to interact with people who respond so rudely (your first paragraph) for no reason. If you thought I was wrong or misrepresenting you, fair enough – just tell me and I’ll happily explain what I meant or admit that I was wrong. Instead you reacted as if I had personally insulted you. I’m out.
Bubba, I’ll have a full response later.
Neil said: I’ll clarify: The materialist worldview claims that only material things exist (e.g., no supernatural). So the material elements of the universe (the “external circumstances”) came from an eternally existing matter-energy and allegedly organized DNA and its associated processes, among about a million other things. Then the most advanced of these living things evolved to such a state that they invented the fiction that God created them.
Technically – very technically, and I’m entirely sure that actual experts would agree with me on this one – anything events that happened pre-Big Bang (if you could even say that anything ‘happened’ before time existed) would have been ’supernatural’ in the sense that they would have been completely removed from anything that happens in our Universe. However, it’s also highly unlikely that anything that happened pre-Big Bang could have any effect on our Universe, which is why it’s impossible to study.
But yes, you’re essentially correct. After the Big Bang, the Universe was a gigantic, ever-expanding sea of extremely simple particles. Hydrogen and a few other basic elements formed, which then formed stars by ‘clumping’ together through gravity, which then formed the heavier elements through nuclear fusion. These were expelled by supernovae. Fast forward several billion years and you have the materials for Earth, orbiting our star. Eventually you get some sort of very simple self-replicating molecule (even simpler than RNA, and far, far simpler than DNA), with some sort of membrane (these do form easily under the right conditions). These replicate for a few million years, and you get single celled life forms. Several billion years later, and here we are – one of the stastically tiny number of lifeforms on Earth that aren’t still microscopic.
However, I’m not sure whether I’d call us ‘the most advanced’ creatures on Earth. We’re the most intelligent, certainly, but in several regards we’re woefully inept compared to other animals.
That’s it in a very simple nutshell. I would avoid the term ‘organize’ – evolution is a blind process, in that it doesn’t strive for complexity. (Well, we think; the jury is still out on whether complexity and life itself are inevitable given the right circumstances). I think this naturalistic history of humanity is more important than most people realize. Studying the natural world, you very quickly come to the realization that, in all likelihood, our species will eventually be extinct – even though we’re probably the only species on Earth that can make a conscious effort to avoid that fate. I think we’d be better off if we kept that sobering fact in mind.
lifelessons, I didn’t ask whether you expect that a person should love you regardless of what you do, but whether you know unshakeably that a person does love and will continue loving you whether it’s deserved or not. I believe that, in some cases, such love can be unshakeably known; in which case it would be a moral deficiency for the one who is loved not to trust that love.
Perhaps the experience of knowing that kind of love is not as common as it should be.
I don’t think I was clear enough, but what I meant was that it’s impossible to know with absolute certainty that another person loves you, because they could (for example) be betraying your trust behind your back. If you make yourself blind to that possibility, you’ve simply set yourself up to be hurt.
For example, I love someone very much; far more than I’ve ever loved anyone else. There is very, very little he could do that would change that, but I have no reason to assume that what I feel for him is a reflection of what he feels for me. I know that he loves me, and I never worry that he doesn’t, but if that situation ever changes I’ll be in a position to realize it – and, hopefully, do something about it. As I said, love doesn’t always last forever, as much as we might wish that it did.
So, you are not “willing” to assume that free will exists.
You do not will the assumption that you can will.
Let’s ignore the further, implicit contradiction that an object that refers to himself as “I” isn’t sure that he’s free:
The only reason any of us should pay any attention to your position not to assume the existence of free will is if that position was freely chosen — that is to say, if that position was the result of free will.
If free will doesn’t exist, your position not to assume the existence of free will was solely the result of forces outside of your control: the position is flotsam in a sea of chemical reactions and should be ignored accordingly.
Of course, if free will doesn’t exist then your ‘decision’ to type those words was similar flotsam on the same sea of chemical reactions. The fact of free will’s non-existence would be totally inescapable, and your unacceptance of what I just wrote would be merely the illusion of free will – we would all essentially be pre-programmed robots, locked forever into an unescapable chain of cause and effect.
Keep in mind that I’m not saying that free will doesn’t exist, just that I’m not certain that it does. As I said, how could ever know for sure? Can you demonstrate, here and now, that you have free will? Or indeed, suggest a method by which any of us could verify whether we have free will or not?
(Actually, according to the so-called ‘Copenhagen interpretation’ of quantum mechanics, free will does exist because cause-and-effect is absolute. Or something. I’m not going to pretend to understand it, because I really don’t).
The evidence that Castor and Pollux were at a particular battle is simply not as strong as the evidence of the Resurrection: the latter isn’t airtight, but not all historical claims of the miraculous are equally incredible unless you presume that miracles never occur. But if you want to argue that we can sift out the mundane events of history, what do you make of the New Testament claims? That Jesus actually existed and was executed by the Roman government, but Jesus’ closest followers fabricated the Resurrection? Most of them were persecuted and killed for that lie, and people generally don’t knowingly die for a lie; and if they were going to fabricate the Resurrection, it’s an odd thing that they claimed the first witnesses were women, in a time when women couldn’t even give testimony in court. And it’s also odd that they painted themselves in such a poor light, from Peter’s denial to Thomas’ skepticism. An attempt to sift out the “real” events from the Gospels must wrestle with all the inconveniences and the phenomenal growth of the early church besides.
I have no problem at all with the idea that a real Jesus existed, that he was executed, and that a group of followers founded a religion based on his supposed rise from the dead. I simply don’t believe that he actually rose from the dead. I discount the miraculous out of hand because I’ve never, in my entire life, experienced anything ‘miraculous’ or have seen any credible evidence that the miraculous happened to other people; I’ve only seen people who believed that the miraculous occured to them but were mistaken.
If I had any reason to believe that the miraculous happens today, I would be willing to entertain the idea that it happened in the past. The evidence for this one supposed miraculous event, which is said to have occured thousands of years ago, would have to be incredibly strong before I’d be willing to accept that it happened. I’m not saying it definitely didn’t, obviously, only that I don’t find the evidence compelling enough to believe that it did.
Very interesting things certainly happened back then, and ones which have obviously made an enormous impact on the world. Did those things involve the Son of God rising from the dead? Given the evidence, I find it hard to believe.
Is Christianity true? “People believe all sorts of things” is a true statement, but it doesn’t bring a person one step closer to an answer.
People frequently believe things which are false. There are people who believe that alien spacecraft regularly visit the Earth, and who are all probably completely wrong. Keeping in mind people’s propensity for believing for bad reasons is a good idea when you’re looking for the truth.
Technically – very technically, and I’m entirely sure that actual experts would agree with me on this one -
That should have been ‘I’m not entirely sure that actual experts would agree with me on this one’. Whoops!
lifelessons, “people frequently believe things which are false” is just as true as “people believe all sorts of things,” but it’s also just as worthless in determining the answer to the question, is Christianity true?
In short, platitudes are poor substitute for an actual argument.
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I believe that human free will is self-evident to each individual human. I can demonstrate free will to myself by exercising it, as can you. Any human arguing that he doesn’t have free will immediately renders his thoughts untrustworthy, undoing any value that his argument would have.
I am no more interested in proving free will than in proving that I exist.
My point in mentioning free will is that naturalism cannot account for it: you haven’t offered a naturalistic explanation for free will, you’ve only raised doubts about its existence.
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About miracles, you write:
I discount the miraculous out of hand because I’ve never, in my entire life, experienced anything ‘miraculous’ or have seen any credible evidence that the miraculous happened to other people; I’ve only seen people who believed that the miraculous occured to them but were mistaken.
1) Are you absolutely sure that, in every case, eyewitnesses to miracles were mistaken, or do you conclude that they were because you presume miracles are impossible, thereby begging the question?
2) By what standard you dismiss evidence of the miraculous as not being credible? Do you dismiss all evidence as not credible because, again, you presume that miracles are impossible?
About your never before encountering the miraculous, I would again raise the subjects of human rationality and free will. If you believe that our perception of logical maxims — such as the law of contradiction is valid — you do believe in human rationality, regardless of your academic doubts about how we can know we’re rational. (It’s worth noting here that any argument that we’re not rational would destroy its own credibility.) If you hold other people accountible for their words and actions, you do believe in human freedom, regardless of your academic doubts about how we can know we’re free.
Neither human rationality nor human freedom can be accounted for in a naturalistic view of existence. What is needed is indepedence from the physical universe: independence enough so that the truth-value of logical maxims are a factor in our perception of their truth-value, and independence enough so that our decisions aren’t wholly accounted for by deterministic or random physical events.
Let us define the miraculous as, not just intervention by God Himself, but as any supernatural intervention: as any event in the physical universe that is partially caused by something independent from that universe.
Your mind is partially independent from the physical universe; in order to be rational, it must be at least partially independent. Your will is partially independent from the physical universe; in order to be free, it must be at least partially independent.
So:
Every time you think rationally and act on that rational thought, for instance, by grasping that affirming the consequent really is a fallacy and then explaining that fallacy to someone else; and every time you freely decide and act on that decision, for instance, by deciding not to retaliate when someone has insulted you: by the more generalized definition above, every such thought and resulting act is a miracle.
You are a soul and you have a mind: capable of rational thought and free decisions, you act on the physical universe through a biological body. That is a miracle.
Like so many of us, you are so accustomed to rational thought and free will that you don’t see how incredible and truly miraculous those gifts are. Taking them for granted, you find that you have never personally experienced a miracle.
Lord or Legend does a really nice job of laying out the evidence, Lifelessons, check it out.
Bubba:
I really have no idea where you’re getting all of this from. You have not demonstrated that free will exists, any more than I have demonstrated that it doesn’t (which isn’t what I was trying to do in the first place). Really think about it for a moment: if free will doesn’t exist, how would you know? The fact that you think you have free will, or that it ‘feels’ as if you have it, doesn’t mean that you really do; there’s still nothing to say that you’re not part of an endless chain of cause-and-effect.
Without free will, this exchange, and pretty much everything else we do, is a complete farce. I get that that’s not a very uplifting idea, but it’s one that needs to be faced head-on nonetheless.
And really, saying that anyone who suggests we don’t have free will is making his thoughts untrustworthy is just a cop-out. You don’t know whether we have free will or not, any more than anyone else on Earth does. So far you haven’t even begun to demonstrate that we do.
1) Are you absolutely sure that, in every case, eyewitnesses to miracles were mistaken, or do you conclude that they were because you presume miracles are impossible, thereby begging the question?
You’ve no doubt heard that ‘extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence’. I’ve never seen any reliable evidence for a supposed miracle. That doesn’t mean that I can be certain that none of them happened, just that there isn’t enough evidence for me to feel comfortable with saying that I believe in them.
2) By what standard you dismiss evidence of the miraculous as not being credible? Do you dismiss all evidence as not credible because, again, you presume that miracles are impossible?
When there is no solid physical evidence for a miracle that stands up to close scrutiny, I dismiss it. I’ve never seen any evidence that someone has been abducted by aliens, that someone was miraculously healed from a disease or condition that couldn’t have healed itself (for example, regenerating a lost limb), or that someone has ever communicated telepathically. I’m fully open to the possibility that any or all of these things could happen – it would make the world a far more interesting place – but there simply isn’t enough evidence to make me believe.
Have you ever seen credible evidence of a miracle? (Excusing what you mentioned below, which I’ll get to now).
Neither human rationality nor human freedom can be accounted for in a naturalistic view of existence. What is needed is indepedence from the physical universe: independence enough so that the truth-value of logical maxims are a factor in our perception of their truth-value, and independence enough so that our decisions aren’t wholly accounted for by deterministic or random physical events.
Once again, if we have no independence, there is absolutely nothing stopping us from behaving as if we have independence. What you’ve essentially said here is ‘our decisions can’t be just wholly accounted for by deterministic or random physical events’; you haven’t said why. Why couldn’t they be accounted for by deterministic events? Because you don’t like the idea?
You also haven’t adequately explained why my mind must be independent from the physical Universe to be rational. Our rationality and our logic are tools we use to describe the Universe. The law of non-contradiction, for example, excellently describes how we perceive the real world as actually being, in that we never encounter something that ‘is’ and ‘is not’ at the same time.
What about this must have come from beyond the Universe? What about it unexplainable in terms of observation and thought? It’s a way of describing a fundamental property of reality as we experience it; it is not, as far as I can see, something handed down by God or mysteriously transmitted to us from Beyond. There is no supernatural explanation necessary for our rationality – given the advanced state of our brains, I see no reason to invoke anything else. Pointing at our reason and saying ‘Look, it’s obvious!’ doesn’t really convince me, I’m afraid.
You are a soul and you have a mind: capable of rational thought and free decisions, you act on the physical universe through a biological body. That is a miracle.
With the evidence you’ve presented me, and with what I already thought,I can conclude the following: I am not a soul, I have a mind that is the product of physical processes in my brain, I am capable of rational thought, and I have no way of knowing whether I’m truly capable of free decisions. I am a biological body. I see no miracles here.
LifeLessons, that all seems a little incongruous to me. Here’s another materialist insisting there are no souls, no supernatural, no free will, etc., yet he is so wounded when I call out his transparently disingenuous comment that he says I’m rude and doesn’t want to talk anymore.
But if I don’t have free will, how can you hold me accountable? If there are no universal standards of right and wrong, how can you even say I’m wrong? Even if you play the “each culture makes up their own rules” game, how do you know we’re in the same culture?
If we are just bags of chemicals, as some so eloquently put it, how you can you boo-hoo about anything let alone a miniscule (if not well deserved) slight from a perfect stranger?
I will be very impressed if I can ever find a materialist that lives consistently with their worldview for even 30 seconds.
Romans 1:18-20 The wrath of God is being revealed from heaven against all the godlessness and wickedness of men who suppress the truth by their wickedness, since what may be known about God is plain to them, because God has made it plain to them. For since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualities—his eternal power and divine nature—have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that men are without excuse.
Firstly, don’t mix the issue of free will and morality. If there’s no free will (and again, I say if – I’m not saying that there definitely isn’t, only that I don’t know if there is), then neither of us have any real choice in what we’re doing – we do everything because of deterministic cause-and-effect. In other words, I have no more choice in feeling that you’re accountable than you did in pointing out what you felt was a disingenuos comment. We might feel as if eveything we do is under our own agency and according to our own will, but that might not be the case.
Again, if there is no free will, you believing that there is doesn’t make you immune to deterministic effects.
As for my ‘boo-hooing’, I don’t like it when people react rudely for no reason. It’s insulting, pointless, and condescending, and I generally don’t bother interacting with people who do it. I believe that people should afford each other the same respect they would like to receive, based on the fact that we all know how it feels to be disrespected or insulted, and so should know better than to do it to others needlessly. That simple principle forms the basis of nearly all ‘naturalistic’ morality, along with the determination of an action’s actual effect on others or society.
Maybe you don’t feel the same – that’s fine, it just means that we react to certain situations differently. To use a more important analogy, the majority of people in Western Europe and the United States would not agree that homosexuals should be executed, but I spoke to a Muslim gentleman some time ago living in Iran who believed that any homosexual should be killed immediately upon being found out, because they went against God’s will.
There is no objective way to say who was right or wrong in the ensuing argument. He had what he believed was an objective reason to kill homosexuals (the Qu’ran says you should), I had a differing opinion derived from reason and empathy. (ie Homosexuals don’t do harm to anybody simply by being attracted to the same sex, and I don’t believe that anybody should be killed for a ‘crime’ that doesn’t do harm to others).
If you had been involved as well, you probably would have cited the teachings of the Bible as a reason not to kill homosexuals. Now we have three conflicting moral frameworks meeting – one based on the Qu’ran, one based on the Bible, and one based on reason and empathy (although the other two don’t necessarily preclude those factors from being present as well, of course). Two of the people involved believe that their moral framework is objectively right.. That doesn’t actually make them objectively right, though. Their claim to objectivity changes nothing when their moral framework comes into conflict with another one.
Now, if this scenario actually came up, I would try to convince the Muslim that he was wrong by taking him through my reasoning, which he would probably reject in favour of the Qu’ran. What would you do? And how would your claim to objectivity make a difference in this case, keeping in mind that the person you’re in conflict with does not believe that you really have access to objective morality.
If we are just bags of chemicals, as some so eloquently put it, how you can you boo-hoo about anything let alone a miniscule (if not well deserved) slight from a perfect stranger?
We’re bags of chemicals with thoughts and emotions, something that very few ‘bags of chemicals’ have.
The Bible quote is nice, but claiming that someone who disagrees with you is merely repressing a truth that they secretly know is right (ie is in denial) is probably one of the worst debating tactics I’ve ever come across.
lifelessons:
I thought I made myself clear: I’m not interested in demonstrating that free will exists. I’m not interested in arguing for its existence, at least in this particular discussion. In general, arguing over the existence of free will strikes me as about as edifying as arguing over one’s own existence.
I will note, however, that you write that, if free will doesn’t exist, our conversation is a “complete farce.” And yet you still think it worthwhile to engage in this conversation. It seems to me that you truly do believe that you have free will; even if you are not satisfied in the evidence for free will, you believe in it. If you believe the evidence isn’t sufficient for confident belief in free will and yet you still believe in free will, it can well be said that you have faith in free will.
Let’s go from your obvious, deeply rooted belief in free will. Materialism cannot possibly account for that free will.
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I’m glad to see that you have pulled back from your earlier statement, “I’ve only seen people who believed that the miraculous occured to them but were mistaken.” To say that you haven’t seen enough evidence to convince you is reasonable; to say that you know they’re mistaken was not as reasonable.
You’ve never seen any persuasive evidence for a miracle; fine. You suggest that the evidence should stand up to close scrutiny. Um, how many individual, real-life cases of miraculous claims have you actually closely scrutinized?
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Have you ever seen credible evidence of a miracle?
Yes, multiple sources about multiple miracles, beginning with Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.
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You do attempt to offer a materialist explanation for free will. Thank you; I’m especially grateful for your trying to explain a belief in a specific logical maxim, in this case, the law of non-contradiction.
You also haven’t adequately explained why my mind must be independent from the physical Universe to be rational. Our rationality and our logic are tools we use to describe the Universe. The law of non-contradiction, for example, excellently describes how we perceive the real world as actually being, in that we never encounter something that ‘is’ and ‘is not’ at the same time.
If the fact that we have never encountered a contradiction is the reason that we believe in the law of non-contradiction, then our belief is not sound. I pointed out the fallacy of affirming the consequent because it’s the fallacy most often made by materialists trying to explain rational thought, and you implicitly commit this fallacy here:
A: If the law of non-contradiction is true, we would never encounter a contradiction.
B: We have never encountered a contradiction.
C; Therefore, the law is true.
This is fallacious reasoning. If our trust is to be logically sound, our trust in the law of non-contradiction must be rooted, not merely in our never having encountered a contradiction, but in our perception that the law must be true, that we could never encounter a contradiction.
Such a perception is not possible if our thoughts are wholly the result of deterministic or random events in the physical universe.
Logical maxims are self-evident: they do not need to be deduced from observation, and, indeed, such an attempt to deduce them from observation will invariably result in fallacious thinking.
But if our thoughts can be trusted to see such self-evident maxims, they cannot be wholly chained to a material universe: they must be at least partially independent from the material universe, independent enough so that the truth-value of these maxims has a direct affect on our thoughts.
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With the evidence you’ve presented me, and with what I already thought,I can conclude the following: I am not a soul…
And you think you are an “I”…
…I have a mind that is the product of physical processes in my brain, I am capable of rational thought…
A mind that is solely the product of physical processes is not capable of rational thought: there is no sound way to account for the mind’s trust in logical maxims.
And what’s this “mind” business, anyway? If you only have a body, how can you have a mind and a brain? Are these two separate organs?
…and I have no way of knowing whether I’m truly capable of free decisions. I am a biological body. I see no miracles here.
Whether you have any way of knowing that you are free, you certainly seem to believe that you have free will: you admitted that the alternative would make our discussions completely farcical, but you clearly think our discussions have some miniscule value.
You believe you have free will: whether you can know with ontological certainty that you have free will, you believe you do.
You have a biological body and you believe you have free will. What you have and what you believe you have can only be accounted for by the interaction of the physical universe with a reality that transcends the universe — in a word, a miracle.
Never mind whether you can account for the belief, it seems that you really do believe you have free will. You believe in the miraculous.
Re. the rudeness thing: Please re-read what you typed and consider how illogical you are being. I thought you were rude to deliberately misread my reply. You thought I was rude in response. But only in my worldview is there a rational explanation for rudeness. Yours just picks and chooses and has no foundation for it. In your view I was just being guided by determinism. So why be so irrational and take it personally? I was being logical and consistent in being irritated at someone who deliberately misconstrued what I wrote and wasted my time. I don’t think your response was deterministic, I think it was deliberate. Perhaps I was mistaken, but at least I was behaving consistently with my worldview. You were not.
If you continue with the deterministic nonsense then I’ll just use my determinism to block your comments. Of course, that would be a morally neutral thing to do because I had no control over it, right? In your worldview that would be the inevitable course so you would have no basis to criticize it. In my view it would be logical and rational because I don’t like to waste my time with people living in such incoherent denial of reason and logic.
Re. Bible verses: They aren’t a debating tactic. I am not using them to convince you of my point. They are just a friendly reminder that you are living in rebellion and denial of the obvious. Ignore it if you like. Again, in your worldview, I have no choice but to put them there. So why be so illogical and criticize it? This is a Christian site. The Bible is the word of God and I’ll use it whenever and however I like. I just can’t help it. You may continue to ignore it but someone else may not.
Re. your Islam example – in your view, you have no foundation to explain why he is wrong. All you have is your deterministic personal preferences which we have no rational reason to follow or care about.
I was hoping we could continue this on friendly terms, but apparently not. There’s no reason for either of you to get antagonistic, but you’re both doing it. Like I said earlier, I’m out. This is an interesting case study in the fact that Biblically-derived morality does not, in fact, lead to more mora action, but beyond that I can’t see myself getting anything more out of this.
How am I being antagonistic?
When people get to the ‘You believe X, despite the fact that you’ve claimed you don’t’ stage, it’s fairly antagonostic. It would be like me saying ‘You only believe in Christianity because it’s a comforting alternative to believing that there’s no afterlife.’
How arrogant would I have to be to presume to know, with that much certainty, why you believe something? With the free will issue you could have simply said that it seemed as if I had a strong belief in it, but please explain, rather than going on as if you could read my mind.I don’t have to keep posting here, and I’ll only do it for as long as I’m getting something out of it. When things start to get annoying, I stop.
Bubba,
You’re not.
I think the Holy Spirit is hitting him between the eyes with the truth of the Gospel and his own sin and he is in full-out rebellion. One of two things will happen from here: 1. His heart will get harder. 2. the Holy Spirit will drop him to his knees, change his heart, and call the man to Himself.
I’m praying for #2.
Elisa,
If the Holy Spirit is indeed ‘hitting me between the eyes with the truth of the Gospel’, it is doing so in a truly underwhelming way.
When people get to the ‘You believe X, despite the fact that you’ve claimed you don’t’ stage, it’s fairly antagonostic.
1) I didn’t get to that stage, because — so far as I can tell — you didn’t actually deny that we have free will. The only thing you’ve done (repeatedly) is argue that we can’t know with absolute certainty that we have free will.
2) I did explain why I think you believe you have free will.
I’ll go over it again.
You wrote that, if we don’t have free will, our discussion is a “complete farce.” The fact that you have continued in the discussion implies you don’t think it’s been a complete farce, which implies that, in the end, you do believe you have free will.
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For what it’s worth, I do think substantive conversation is still possible, and I will continue to be as civil as I can be.
I’m now wondering, do you actually deny free will?
If you do, there are two things to be said, in Neil’s defense and in mine.
First, if you deny free will, you can’t fault Neil for his behavior, since you cannot believe that he or anyone else is responsible for his own behavior.
Second, if you deny free will, you’re not a step closer to explaining how materialism can account for free will: you’re suggesting that this isn’t a problem because free will isn’t real.
Good, I was hoping we’d get here. I’ll outline my views on free will, and maybe we can go from there. I wanted a chance to organize what I think on this coherently anyway.
The idea of ’scientific determinism’ stems from classical physics. Essentially, it states that if you can know everything about every factor influencing an object, you can predict with absolute certainty how it will act in the future. This is true for things like planets and stars; we can predict the movement of the Earth around the sun to an extremely accurate degree.
The inevitable conclusion to this belief is that the same is true for human behaviour, if human behaviour is caused by physical and chemical processes in the brain. Under a purely ‘classical’ outlook, one could potentially know everything about how a person’s brain will react to every piece of external influence around them, and from that determine exactly what they will do in the future. In practice this is impossible, of course, but theorietically it should be possible. This would also mean that a person’s actions, thoughts and emotions are the product of cause-and-effect, meaning that, essentially, they have no free will beyond the feeling of free will.
That’s all well and good, except when you factor in quantum mechanics. Hesienberg’s uncertainty principle states that you cannot know the velocity and position of a particle at once, because the act of measuring one changes the other. This is not just a flaw in our observational processes – there are no definite states of position ormomentum. You cannot measure with perfect accuracy the actions of a particle because it has no definite momentum or position. This is a fundamental property of the Universe.
In another sense, you could say that the very act of observing or attempting to measure anything alters it (the so-called ‘observer effect’). Einstein hated this idea, which is where his famous line ‘God does not play dice’ comes from. He has since been proven wrong, however.
What all of this means is that it’s impossible to say exactly how any physical system will act especially on the quantum scale. You can measure the probability that it will react in a certain way, but you cannot say that it will definitely act in any way. Once again, this is a fundamental aspect of the Universe, not a problem with our methods of gathering data.
What does this have to do with free will? Consider:
Under classical physics, a naturalistic philosophy inevitably leads one to conclude that free will does not exist, because of scientific determinism. There are two basic ways to react to this:
1) View life as futile.
2) Realize that free will does not exist, but act as if it does. This would be necessary for society to continue to function if everyone stopped believing in free will, and on an individual scale for people to live their lives. It’s not particularly satisfying and is quite inconsistent, but that’s why, if I truly doubted free will, I would continue with this conversation; because we have the sensation of free agency, and because anyone who truly doubted free will would need to act as though they didn’t or else simply cease to care about life. Of course, if free will doesn’t exist then you have no choice in how you react, so it’s a moot point anyway…
(You can see why talking about free will not existing is quite difficult).
However, I don’t strongly doubt free will. The ‘Copenhagen interpretation’ of quantum mechanics (what I was talking about earlier) destroys the idea of scientific determinism, which is what a naturalistic rejection of free will is based on in the first place. Cause and effect are not absolute, and you cannot say with absolute certainty how any part of a physical system – including our brains – will react in any particular situation.
The reason why I didn’t bring this up before is because I don’t have anything even approaching a basic understanding of quantum mechanics, and so I was hesitant to talk about it. I’ve heard it said that ‘quantum mechanics gives credence to materialistic free will’, but I’m not going to assume that this is true based entirely on someone else’s word.
However, I absolutely believe in what might be called a ’soft’ rejection of free will. By this I mean that a lot of what we think and do is a direct reaction to stimuli and how our brains are ‘wired’ rather than through conscious action of our own; we generally don’t choose our likes or dislikes; when most people see a dead body, they feel disgusted or frightened without choosing to feel that way; we react with anger to many things not because we have a logical reason to do so, but because our personalities dictate that we behave that way. We often hear of people struggling to ‘change themselves’; if we had total free will, changing ourselves should be as easy as willing it to be done.
For now, then, I will tentatively say that there could be a naturalistic explanation for free will, and a naturalistic scenario under which it exists in the first place.
First, if you deny free will, you can’t fault Neil for his behavior, since you cannot believe that he or anyone else is responsible for his own behavior.
I forgot to mention:
William James addressed this in his own way, by saying that he believed in free will on ‘ethical grounds’ (in other words, believing otherwise would mean society could not function as it does). He fully admitted, however, that he had no scientific reason to believe in it, and that his own introspection gave him no reason to belive in it. This is, I think, how many people think of free will, but it’s not particularly satisfying to me.
Thanks for the detailed reply.
Like you, I don’t think we have “total” free will: obviously, a lot of our thoughts and actions are not chosen voluntarily. But if some thoughts and actions are genuinely voluntary, then we do really have free will to some degree.
And, I don’t think a non-deterministic universe can account for that free will. If a person genuinely has free will, it doesn’t mean that some of his thoughts and deeds are at least partially independent only from deterministic forces: it means that they are free from both deterministic forces and non-deterministic forces.
Suppose you have built a computer-controlled enemy for a game, and that this monster — a zombie — follows rules deterministically:
- Move forward.
- If you hit a wall, turn right 45 degrees.
- Repeat.
Suppose you build a second monster, and this monster — a vampire — follows rules non-deterministically.
- Move forward.
- If you hit a wall, flip a coin.
- If “Heads,” turn right 45 degrees.
- If “Tails,” turn left 45 degrees.
- Repeat.
If you have the initial conditions — the starting point and a map of the building and all its walls — you can predict perfectly the path the zombie will take. But, with same information (and the assumption that the coin’s fair), you can only create a probabilistic distribution of where the vampire will be after so many moves: it’s X % likely to be here, Y % likely to be here, and so forth.
But the virtual vampire is no more free than the zombie: the vampire is just as much a slave of external forces, and he is in no way liberated by the fact that some of those forces are probabilistic rather than deterministic.
And note that complexity changes none of this: make the rules as complex as you want, and the virtual vampire isn’t freed by the complexity.
Likewise, you’re not free if all your thoughts and behaviors are solely the result of deterministic forces, probabilistic forces, or a really complex combination of probabilistic forces.
Neither the materialist who is a classical physicist nor the materialist who is a quantum physicist can account for free will: the former believes that we’re just really complex versions of the virtual zombie, the latter that we’re just really complex versions of the virtual vampire. They think that human beings demonstrate a very good simulation of free will, but nothing more.
In the end, they do not account for free will. They deny free will. This is the point I’ve been trying to make.
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Finally:
William James addressed this in his own way, by saying that he believed in free will on ‘ethical grounds’ (in other words, believing otherwise would mean society could not function as it does). He fully admitted, however, that he had no scientific reason to believe in it, and that his own introspection gave him no reason to belive in it. This is, I think, how many people think of free will, but it’s not particularly satisfying to me.
I don’t find it satisfying either, probably for a reason entirely different than yours: scientific reasons presume that we are capable of rational thought, but human rationality absolutely depends on our partial independence from the physical universe.
It’s not that we need scientific evidence to prove we are free: it’s that scientific evidence needs us to be free in order to be the least bit valid.
Our freedom is the only thing that makes rationality possible, and our rationality is the only thing that makes our scientific studies valid. To try to use science to disprove our freedom is to cut off the branch you’re sitting on, like trying to construct an argument that all arguments are invalid.
And, to try to use science to prove our freedom is ultimately redundant.
I wouldn’t agree with that. My working definition of ‘free will’ is that, for any given moment and for any given scenario, there is more than one ‘physical future’ possible. In other words, if I have a choice between walking through a door to the left or to the right, it is possible for me to walk through either door, rather than the outcome of the decision having been pre-determined from (essentially) the beginning of time.
That’s my idea of free will. Yours seems to be the potential for total freedom from external forces and influences, which I would view as impossible. We have freedom to a point, in that the future is not absolutely decided, but do not have total freedom.
My working definition of ‘free will’ is that, for any given moment and for any given scenario, there is more than one ‘physical future’ possible.
The question is, what influences that future? If it’s just the sum total of eternal physical forces — deterministic or not — then we don’t have free will. We have, at best, the appearance of free will.
If you really have free will, it’s not just that there are multiple possible futures, but that the ultimate outcome is at least partially determined by a choice that is truly yours: for a choice to be truly yours, it must be at least partially independent of the physical universe.
It’s not just that the future isn’t decided, but that we truly have a say in how it’s decided.
I’m not quite sure what you mean by “total freedom”, but I do think there are two different ideas we could be discussing:
One is the idea that the total sum of the causes of our thoughts and actions are free from the physical universe; that, I reject. Some of the causes are physical.
The other is the idea that some of the causes are totally free from the physical universe; that, I affirm absolutely. Some of the causes are totally non-physical and transcend the material universe.
List all the causes of all one’s thoughts and actions, and list the causes AA to ZZ (or, more likely, the list is much longer). I’m not saying every single cause is utterly independent from the material universe; I’m saying at least one cause is utterly independent, and in that non-material cause resides the truly free will.
(And, I should say, if a non-material cause can influence physical behavior, that fits what would be called a miracle.)
I’m not trying to sidestep the issue, but can you demonstrate that any causes of our thoughts transcend the material Universe? Right now I don’t see any reason to believe that this is the case. Nothing in my own experience suggests that any component of my mind or thoughts transcend the physical Universe.
Actually, you may not want to bother (if you’re in the middle of a long reply, I apologise). Up until now I’ve had enough free time to argue on blog comments like this, but I’ve just discovered that my time is going to be severely restricted starting in a few days, and I’m trying to get as much of a book written as possible before then. I should really be focusing on that, so I’m afraid I’ll have to bow out (for real this time!). I’ll read anything else you post in reply to my last question, but probably won’t reply except for something short.
What I have already done is argue that, if free will exists, our thoughts must be at least partially independent of the material universe — that at least one of its causes must transcend the material universe.
If this argument is logically sound and its premise is true –that is, if free will exists — I don’t need to demonstrate that a particular thought is at least partially caused by a transcendent force. So whether I can demonstrate that is immaterial: what matters is the soundness of the argument and the truth of its premise.
Nothing in my own experience suggests that any component of my mind or thoughts transcend the physical Universe.
You exercise free will. Your free will cannot possibly be accounted for by physical forces in a material universe.
You make use of things that are literally inexplicable in a materialistic worldview: your rationality, your free will, and your awareness of the moral law.
Your very act of arguing right now shows that, whether you realize it or not and whether you will admit it or not, you are exercising your ability to reason and are making use of that partial freedom from the material universe that each of us enjoys.
No problem. It’s been fun.
It looks like you’re earnestly seeking what’s real and what’s true. I do hope that you continue doing so and have the courage to face what you find.
(I’m not quite smart enough to follow all the logic stated above. I get so confused. I am SO right-brained.)
Bubba hit on something so true: “courage to face what you find.” My questions into free will led to questions about my state before the Lord. Did I really “choose” to believe in Jesus? (Could anyone choose to be saved?) The answer was earth-shattering for me.
Before I came to know the Lord and dealing with the free will issue and the reality of hell, I prayed that God would convict me of my salvation. I was a great Christian-pretender, hypocrite and pharisee! The Lord convicted me that I really didn’t believe in Christ and even doubted God’s existence, what my sins were, and what I deserved. He gave me a great look at my future “without” Him. It was terrifying. And then the guilt of my sin hit. Truly awful. I was knocked down so low, that I knew that I didn’t deserve to be forgiven.
There was nothing I could do to save myself.
The question that I struggled with: was since God is omnipotent, omniscient, and omnipresent, how is free will even possible?
[...] an atheist said something stupid it proved that there was a God). This guy is the poster boy for poor arguments to make with theists. It is as if he read all of Dawkins, Hitchens, Harris et al and is repeating their worst [...]
“What I have already done is argue that, if free will exists, our thoughts must be at least partially independent of the material universe — that at least one of its causes must transcend the material universe.”
I do not agree with your assertion. The “material universe” includes the laws of “quantum mechanics” and it certainly seems possible that those laws make a lot of things “probable”, not “deterministic”.
“Your free will cannot possibly be accounted for by physical forces in a material universe.”
I disagree with your assertion.
“Your very act of arguing right now shows that, whether you realize it or not and whether you will admit it or not, you are exercising your ability to reason and are making use of that partial freedom from the material universe that each of us enjoys.”
I disagree with your assertion.
But it’s going to be really hard to “prove” this one way or the other. Everyone acts as though everyone has free will, so the fundamental question of “why does everyone have free will (or not)?” is moot. Don’t go to court and plead that you “had no choice” unless your lawyer agrees that this is wise.
[...] time and plant seeds of doubt with bad arguments. I addressed many of their standard lines in Poor arguments to make with theists. (In fairness, I had previously addressed Poor arguments to make with atheists, because theists [...]
This blog is hilarious:
“And why isn’t it brainwashing when the schools do it with evolution and their sickening strategies to take away the innocence of young children?”
You sir, win at internet hilarity. “Take away the innocence”?
Re. “take away the innocence” – that wasn’t about evolutionary propoganda, it was about pro-gay propoganda foisted upon little kids (another bit of brain washing).
Blogging tip: When the text on a web page is in blue and underlined, you click it and it takes you to another web page – http://chesterstreet.blogspot.com/2007/12/homosexodus.html
Jesus said, “Seek and you shall find, ask and you shall receive, knock and the door will be opened to you.” also, “Seek first the kingdom of God…” I challenge atheists to sincerely ask God if He exists. Say “God if you are real, please show me!” In a very personal way God will reveal Himself. It is the closest thing to empirical a person need experience.